Το σύμπαν της τέχνης και οι τέχνες τ' ουρανού

[kkokkolis]

Wtaching Shhoting Stars, Angelina Marino, 2009

 

Λαδοπαστέλ σε χαρτί

[3c273]

Herman Esher... Αδύνατα αντικείμενα

[kkokkolis]

ROCKETING to the Moon, Modern Mechanix, Jan, 1930

 

Ο Γκοντάρ είναι μια θρυλική μορφή της πυραυλικής και οραματίστηκε την αποστολή στην Σελήνη 55 χρόνια πριν πραγματοποιηθεί, αφού το δικό του έργο εμπλουτίστηκε με τις πολεμικές εμπειρίες των Γερμανών, ιδίως του Wernher Von Braun

Το πλήρες κείμενο ακολουθεί.

 

ROCKETING to the Moon

 

by Prof. R. H. GODDARD, B.Sc., A.M., Ph.D.

as told to William Robertson

 

FOR YEARS scientists have been forced to study the moon through its reflection in the observatory mirror. Since the moon refused to come closer to the earth than 220,000 miles, however, man may find it possible to exercise the alternative of Mahomet and go to the moon, in the opinion of a distinguished man of science. He is Dr. Robert Hutchings Goddard, for six years professor of physics at Princeton University, director of research for the V. S. signal corps at Worcester Polytechnic Institute and Mt. Wilson (California) Observatory during the world war, fellow of the American Geographical Society, member of the American Physical Society, American Meteorological Society and the American Institute of Social Sciences, and for the past ten years professor of physics and director of the physical laboratories of Clark University, at Worcester. Mass.

 

IS IT possible to transport a human being to the moon? To answer that question in the affirmative is to bring smiles to the faces of skeptics without number. And in fact had this suggestion been made before I began the extensive researches upon the rocket method of reaching extreme altitudes, to which I have devoted many years of labor, I must confess that I should have dismissed the thought of reaching the moon as merely another figment of the mind of Jules Verne. Now, however, I am of the firm opinion that it is possible with the use of a rocket of the type I first patented in 1914 and which I have been improving ever since, to reach the moon’s surface. And what may be of particular interest to anyone who might contemplate making a journey thither in this new form of conveyance, I believe it would be possible for him to return to the earth in safety and report to the world the results of the first journey to one of our celestial neighbors.

 

Contrary to popular impression, I am not at present engaged in an attempt to perfect a rocket which will carry a human being to the moon. That will come later, but it should be understood that what I am now developing is a comparatively small affair and is not intended for reaching heights much greater than just outside the atmospheric envelope of the earth. There are two reasons for this: First, the expense and time for the development are much reduced if the work is carried out on a small scale.

 

Second, the uses of such a rocket, even in exploring the atmosphere, are so important that the development seems to stand a good chance of being continued. And furthermore, if anything is designed for the purpose of passing through the earth’s atmosphere, it is well to have a knowledge of the earth’s atmosphere first.

 

Although I have been engaged in rocket work since 1914 when I was granted my first patents, the public evinced no particular curiosity regarding the possibilities my investigations might open up and the recent interest displayed came in the nature of a surprise.

 

At this moment I am engaged in the highly important problem of stabilization, and feel that it would be premature to give out data upon the results before this matter has been settled, and the work may be called complete. Nevertheless, the tests I have made, including that of July 17th when my experimental rocket was fired several thousand feet, have demonstrated clearly that the method of propelling it is operative and practical.

 

This new method involves the use of liquid propellants and makes possible a rocket with most of its weight consisting of propellant material of high energy value. This is the new feature. And it is one that is quite vital if a rocket is to be used for reaching extreme heights. Although all of the basic principles involved in the high altitude rockets were patented by me in 1914, a few of the ideas I advanced at that time have been used abroad but only with black powder rockets.

 

The liquid propellant I am using is as far ahead of black powder as the automobile is ahead of the horse and buggy. Yet with the use of three black powder rockets, Fritz von Opel, a German, recently succeeded in launching an airplane 75 feet in the air and circling half of a German airport at a high speed before he lost control of the machine.

 

But the rockets I have been testing for the past nine years, are, so far as I know, the only ones actually constructed that have embodied any considerable number of my original principles.

 

The first use of the rocket will be to send up instruments which will permit the study of the atmosphere at great heights. Another practical step beyond that, in all probability, will be to send a camera round, and close to, the moon, having it guided throughout the journey by photo electric cells. With the knowledge thus obtained, a trip to the moon may well be planned.

 

The idea of such a history-making trip appeals most vividly to the imagination and is one to which I have given consider able study.

 

To the layman, undoubtedly the first thought is: “Who is going to make that first solo flight into the unknown?”

 

Much risk is to be involved, undoubtedly, but not nearly so much as would seem at first blush were I free to make public the result of my investigations to date. When the time comes to attempt a flight into space the dangers ahead will be proportionately less grave in the light of scientific knowledge than those which seemed apparent when Columbus started west with his caravels over the uncharted seas only to find that the troubles predicted for him were largely imaginary.

 

And many with the hardihood and the scientific knowledge necessary for this, the most thrilling of all adventures in human experience, will be willing and eager to shove off into the vast unknown.

 

The great rocket, with a compartment large enough to hold a passenger comfortably with all of the equipment necessary for his task, will not need to carry propellants for the return trip. The chemical elements necessary for refueling exist on the moon to the most careful astronomical observations, and it will be possible for the passenger to take off without any outside assistance for the return journey.

 

That of itself removes one of the greatest difficulties by restricting the weight of the space cruiser. Successive explosions are necessary to propel the rocket and the speed will be governed according to their frequency. This may be regulated automatically or by the passenger himself, from a control board within his cabin.

 

“Is it possible to acquire the amazing speed necessary for the purpose in mind?” has been asked.

 

To answer that I will point to the experiment I made last summer with the rocket I am shown holding in my hand in the accompanying photograph.

 

The gases shot from that small rocket at a speed of 8,000 feet (more than 1-1/2 miles) per second.

 

That is more than 90 miles per minute— enough to send the gases away from the moon forever if fired straight up from her surface. The earth, however, has four times the gravitation force of the moon, and the velocity of the rocket launched into space from our world will have to be four times that great, or 360 miles a minute. That speed may be easily attained by a larger rocket. And thus it can be readily seen that the time required to leave the earth and penetrate into space will be brief indeed.

 

But how will it be possible for one to live inside this projectile?

 

First, I have demonstrated that the rocket can be started without a jar sufficient to endanger life within it. Neither need there be any when the rocket lands. For it will be so equipped that it may be guided to earth as easily and safely as an airplane.

 

Of course, the passenger must breathe. The simplest plan of supplying oxygen is by evaporating a supply of liquid oxygen carried along. The cold of space would make the transportation of liquid oxygen a comparatively easy matter. Insulation from the cold of space would be by the ordinary “thermos bottle” principle which we know works well down to a temperature nearly that of outer space.

 

The danger developing from friction would be nil, as no noticeable heat would be generated because the speed through the dense part of the atmosphere would not exceed 2,000 feet per second and the great increase in speed necessary to leave the earth would occur from 20 to 700 miles above terra firma.

 

According to my calculations, the trip to the moon can be made in 48 hours or an average speed of 4,750 m.p.h., an astonishing rate when compared with the swiftest methods of present-day transportation.

[kkokkolis]

Νόμισμα με κομήτη πάνω από την Αμβέρσα, 1577-1578

[kkokkolis]

The Giants of Omega Centauri, NASA, Martha Boyer, 2008

 

APOD 01/05/08

[kkokkolis]

Space Painting, Megan Roberts

[kkokkolis]

Mt. Palomar Telescope kit, St. Pierre & Patterson Mfg, 1955

[kkokkolis]

The Stars: A New Way to See Them, H. A. Rey, 1952

 

http://books.google.gr/books?id=sLq6qgB6FBsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=rey+the+stars&source=bl&ots=pfc9MzCMpZ&sig=7ULNHr_yVlsWlbFwE_EpaPRumG0&hl=el&ei=KNDkTMyuGZHoOeyG1bkK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://www.amazon.com/Stars-New-Way-See-Them/dp/0395248302

[kkokkolis]

Missile Command, Atari, 1980

 

Πώρωση!

[kkokkolis]

Stellar Moon, Philippe Fernandez, 2008

 

Ακρυλικό

[kkokkolis]

Meade ETX 90PE & 125 PE

[kkokkolis]

Christian Huygens, Χαρτονόμισμα 25 Ολλανδικών Guilder, 1955

[kkokkolis]

5 Γερμανικά Μάρκα, 1973

[kkokkolis]

On A Rainbow At Night, John Brainard, 1796-1828

 

The bow that spans the storm is beautiful ;

Yet how we view it! from our very cradle

E'en to the extreme of our most ripened wisdom

'T is treated as a toy. Philosophers,

With bits of glass and one small beam of light,

Make mimic rainbows upon college walls,

And lecture upon raindrops how the light

Impinges, is refracted, bent and formed,

Ending with pious hintings to the class

With what analogies God's light is sent -

How mathematical his heavenly bow !

The painter daubs it on his varnished cloth,

And with gamboge and verdigris, makes out

A tolerable rainbow to be viewed,

Admired, and bought by folly's connoisseurs.

As silly as the rest, the mother lifts

Her squalling child, whom rattle will not please,

Nor pap, nor coral with its silver bells,

To look upon the rainbow But too gross

Such gaze and, folding up its heavenly robes,

"Like as a garment," on the meteor rolls.

"The Heavens shall pass away, as doth a scroll" -

Like as a scroll they stand. O! who that marked

That page of Heaven's bright book when a new light

Was broad upon his vision (when the world

Turned from the sun, and the sun's worldly day)

But thought all else forgot but thought on Thee ;

Nor painted nor philosophized nor smiled.

The sun is of our system, but the stars

Are set in Heaven. The day is made for man.

At such a time with such a gloried sky,

Even man feels that the night is made for God.

[kkokkolis]

Frosted Leaf Orion, Masahiro Miyasaka, 2010

 

APOD 17/11/10

[kkokkolis]

STS-109 Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA), NASA, 2005

[kkokkolis]

Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) 2.5m, Apache Point Observatory, Νέο Μεξικό, 2000

[kkokkolis]

Μικρός Πλανήτης, Χρήστος Κωτσιόπουλος, 2010

[kkokkolis]

Belka & Strelka, A.Zavyalov, 1961

 

Ταχυδρομική Κάρτα

[kkokkolis]

Κοσμοναύτης Yuri Gagarin, 1961

 

Πόστερ

[kkokkolis]

Κοσμοναύτες, Λάος, 1983

[kkokkolis]

The Red Cosmonaut, Jeremy Geddes, 2009

 

Ελαιογραφία

[kkokkolis]

Κοσμοναύτης, Ben Regimbal, 2010

 

Ψηφιακό 3D

[kkokkolis]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7P5ksSFi6w

 

Αν θυμηθείς τ' όνειρό μου, Νίκος Γκάτσος, Μίκης Θεοδωράκης

 

Στην αγκαλιά μου κι απόψε σαν άστρο κοιμήσου

δεν απομένει στον κόσμο ελπίδα καμιά

τώρα που η νύχτα κεντά με φιλιά το κορμί σου

μέτρα τον πόνο κι άσε με μόνο στην ερημιά

 

Αν θυμηθείς τ' όνειρό μου

σε περιμένω να 'ρθεις

μ' ένα τραγούδι του δρόμου να ρθεις όνειρό μου

το καλοκαίρι που λάμπει τ' αστέρι με φως να ντυθείς

 

Καλή η Γιοβάννα, αλλά η Μαίρη Λίντα το ανέβαζε στα άστρα.

[kkokkolis]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NzHpKStTe8

 

Χάθηκε το φεγγάρι, Σταύρος Ξαρχάκος, Βαγγέλης Γκούφας

 

Του ήλιου σβήστηκε το φως

εχάθη το φεγγάρι

και πάει το παλικάρι

καημός και πόθος μου κρυφός

 

Πέτρα την πέτρα περπατώ

το αίμα του ανασαίνω

και πια δεν περιμένω

που σκότωσαν 'τόν π' αγαπώ

 

Καημός και πόθος μου κρυφός

η νύκτα τον τυλίγει

και την φωνή μου πνίγει

ο πόνος μου 'γινε αδελφός

 

Πέτρα την πέτρα περπατώ

το αίμα του ανασαίνω

και πια δεν περιμένω

που σκότωσαν 'τόν π' αγαπώ

 

Ήρθε να μ' εύρει την αυγή

ήρθε να με φιλήσει

ήρθε για να γεμίσει

γαρύφαλλα κι αστέρια η γη

 

Πέτρα την πέτρα περπατώ,

φέγγει και ξημερώνει

Γλυκό πουλί τ’ αηδόνι

τραγούδα μου τον π’ αγαπώ.